ARABIC ALPHABET
Arabic alphabet consists of 28 letters, some of which are unique in their pronunciation. The
vowels are additional, and they are added on top or underneath the letter. Arabic is written from right to left, and the shape of the letter differs depending on whether it
is at the beginning, middle, or end of the word.
This book does not attempt to show how to write Arabic words or deal with grammar, rather it
selects words of common religious phrases, Salat, or Du'aa and gives their meaning and transliteration.
The alphabets are as follows:
خ |
ح |
ج |
ث |
ت |
ب |
ا |
ص |
ش |
س |
ز |
ر |
ذ |
د |
ق |
ف |
غ |
ع |
ظ |
ط |
ض |
ى |
و |
ه |
ن |
م |
ل |
ك |
ALPHABET WITH FAT'HA
The vowels in Arabic consist of the following:
Ø Fat'ha
which opens the letter,
Ø Dhamma
which closes the letter, and
Ø Kasra
which breaks the letter.
In addition there can be double vowels of each of the above, the pronunciation of which has to be
learned with the help of the teacher. Below you see how the letters are written with a Fat'ha:
خَ |
حَ |
جَ |
ثَ |
تَ |
بَ |
اَ |
صَ |
شَ |
سَ |
زَ |
رَ |
ذَ |
دَ |
قَ |
فَ |
غَ |
عَ |
ظَ |
طَ |
ضَ |
ىَ |
وَ |
هَ |
نَ |
مَ |
لَ |
كَ |
ALPHABET WITH KASRA
The vowel of kasra is written underneath the letter and it breaks the pronunciation of that
letter. Below you see how the letters are written with a kasra:
خِ |
حِ |
جِ |
ثِ |
تِ |
بِ |
اِ |
صِ |
شِ |
سِ |
زِ |
رِ |
ذِ |
دِ |
قِ |
فِ |
غِ |
عِ |
ظِ |
طِ |
ضِ |
ىِ |
وِ |
هِ |
نِ |
مِ |
لِ |
كِ |
ALPHABET WITH DHAMMA
The vowel of dhamma is written above the letter and it closes the pronunciation of that letter.
Below you see how the letters are written with a dhamma:
خُ |
حُ |
جُ |
ثُ |
تُ |
بُ |
اُ |
صُ |
شُ |
سُ |
زُ |
رُ |
ذُ |
دُ |
قُ |
فُ |
غُ |
عُ |
ظُ |
طُ |
ضُ |
ىُ |
وُ |
هُ |
نُ |
مُ |
لُ |
كُ |
ALPHABET WITH DOUBLE FAT'HA
The double fat'ha is written above the letter and it doubles the fat'ha pronunciation of that
letter. Below you see how the letters are written with a double fat'ha:
خً |
حً |
جً |
ثً |
تً |
بً |
اً |
صً |
شً |
سً |
زً |
رً |
ذً |
دً |
قً |
فً |
غً |
عً |
ظً |
طً |
ضً |
ىً |
وً |
هً |
نً |
مً |
لً |
كً |
ALPHABET WITH DOUBLE KASRA
The double kasra is written underneath the letter and it doubles the kasra pronunciation of that
letter. Below you see how the letters are written with a double kasra:
خٍ |
حٍ |
جٍ |
ثٍ |
تٍ |
بٍ |
اٍ |
صٍ |
شٍ |
سٍ |
زٍ |
رٍ |
ذٍ |
دٍ |
قٍ |
فٍ |
غٍ |
عٍ |
ظٍ |
طٍ |
ضٍ |
ىٍ |
وٍ |
هٍ |
نٍ |
مٍ |
لٍ |
كٍ |
ALPHABET WITH DOUBLE DHAMMA
The double dhamma is written above the letter and it doubles the dhamma pronunciation of that
letter. Below you see how the letters are written with a double dhamma:
خٌ |
حٌ |
جٌ |
ثٌ |
تٌ |
بٌ |
اٌ |
صٌ |
شٌ |
سٌ |
زٌ |
رٌ |
ذٌ |
دٌ |
قٌ |
فٌ |
غٌ |
عٌ |
ظٌ |
طٌ |
ضٌ |
ىٌ |
وٌ |
هٌ |
نٌ |
مٌ |
لٌ |
كٌ |
ALPHABET WITH SUKOON
Sukoon is written above a letter and it freezes (stops) the pronunciation of that letter. Below
you see how the letters are written with a Sukoon:
خْ |
حْ |
جْ |
ثْ |
تْ |
بْ |
اْ |
صْ |
شْ |
سْ |
زْ |
رْ |
ذْ |
دْ |
قْ |
فْ |
غْ |
عْ |
ظْ |
طْ |
ضْ |
ىْ |
وْ |
هْ |
نْ |
مْ |
لْ |
كْ |
ALPHABET WITH SHADDA
Shadda with a vowel is written above a letter and it doubles the pronunciation of that letter.
Below you see how the letters are written with a shadda:
خّ |
حّ |
جّ |
ثّ |
تّ |
بّ |
اّ |
صّ |
شّ |
سّ |
زّ |
رّ |
ذّ |
دّ |
قّ |
فّ |
غّ |
عّ |
ظّ |
طّ |
ضّ |
ىّ |
وّ |
هّ |
نّ |
مّ |
لّ |
كّ |
